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Also, why not including windows.h directly, like this: #define WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN #include <windows.h>

I believe WIN32_EXTRA_LEAN may be even better.

Just a thought - there is no WIN32_EXTRA_LEAN on vc7.1

Yes you are correct. I misremembered VC_EXTRALEAN, which is a similar macro, but for MFC only. Tom -------------------------------------------------------- NOTICE: If received in error, please destroy and notify sender. Sender does not waive confidentiality or privilege, and use is prohibited.