Ok, I optimized my program (now its with pass by reference and the resize stuff is out): void Wavelet::ttrans(matrix& At, int level) { matrix cfe1, cfe2, cfo, cfe, c, d; int N,s2; N = (At.size1()+1)/2; s2 = At.size2(); scalar_matrix zer(N,s2); for (int ii = 1; ii <= level; ii++) { cfo = subslice(At, 0,2,N, 0,1,s2); cfe = subslice(At, 1,2,N-1, 0,1,s2); c = (cfe + (subrange(cfo, 0,N-1, 0,s2)+subrange(cfo, 1,N, 0,s2))*0.5); zer.resize(N,s2,true); cfe1 = zer; cfe2 = zer; (subrange(cfe1, 0,N-1, 0,s2)).assign(cfe); (subrange(cfe2, 1,N, 0,s2)).assign(cfe); d = cfo-(cfe1+cfe2)*0.5; (subrange(At, 0,N-1, 0,At.size2())).assign(c); (subrange(At, N-1,2*N-1, 0,At.size2())).assign(d); N = N/2; } cfe1.clear(); cfe2.clear(); cfo.clear(); cfe.clear(); c.clear(); d.clear(); } But I guessed, its still not good enough, and wanted to work with pointer to mend copying..and the result was the next code piece, which compiles, but terminates when I run it.. void Wavelet::ttrans(matrix& At, int level) { matrix cfe1, cfe2, *cfo, *cfe, *c, *d; int N,s2; N = (At.size1()+1)/2; s2 = At.size2(); scalar_matrix zer(N,s2,0); for (int ii = 1; ii <= level; ii++) { *cfo = subslice(At, 0,2,N, 0,1,s2); *cfe = subslice(At, 1,2,N-1, 0,1,s2); *c = (*cfe + (subrange(*cfo, 0,N-1, 0,s2)+subrange(*cfo, 1,N, 0,s2))*0.5); zer.resize(N,s2,true); cfe1 = zer; cfe2 = zer; (subrange(cfe1, 0,N-1, 0,s2)).assign(*cfe); (subrange(cfe2, 1,N, 0,s2)).assign(*cfe); *d = *cfo-(cfe1+cfe2)*0.5; (subrange(At, 0,N-1, 0,At.size2())).assign(*c); (subrange(At, N-1,2*N-1, 0,At.size2())).assign(*d); N = N/2; cfe1.clear(); cfe2.clear(); } } Am I on the right track, or can I do much more for optimization. Do I still do a lot of copying? And can anybody tell me, why this is not runnging? I will check out the intel compiler. Thanks. } _________________________________________________________________ News, entertainment and everything you care about at Live.com. Get it now! http://www.live.com/getstarted.aspx

Am Donnerstag 29 November 2007 10:34:04 schrieb nisha kannookadan:

Ok, I optimized my program (now its with pass by reference and the resize stuff is out):

void Wavelet::ttrans(matrix& At, int level) { matrix cfe1, cfe2, cfo, cfe, c, d; int N,s2;

N = (At.size1()+1)/2; s2 = At.size2(); scalar_matrix zer(N,s2);

for (int ii = 1; ii <= level; ii++) {

cfo = subslice(At, 0,2,N, 0,1,s2); cfe = subslice(At, 1,2,N-1, 0,1,s2); A subslice is lightweight handle for maybe a heavyweight matrix. This line cfo = subslice(At, 0,2,N, 0,1,s2); eliminates the performance gain, since cfo is a full flagged matrix.

However, don't know if its allowed to apply a subrange to a subslice. Can you spend a full working example plus data? Its very hard to give tips on template libraries without the tips I get from of my compiler :)

c = (cfe + (subrange(cfo, 0,N-1, 0,s2)+subrange(cfo, 1,N, 0,s2))*0.5);

zer.resize(N,s2,true); cfe1 = zer; cfe2 = zer;

(subrange(cfe1, 0,N-1, 0,s2)).assign(cfe); (subrange(cfe2, 1,N, 0,s2)).assign(cfe); d = cfo-(cfe1+cfe2)*0.5;

(subrange(At, 0,N-1, 0,At.size2())).assign(c); (subrange(At, N-1,2*N-1, 0,At.size2())).assign(d);

N = N/2; }

cfe1.clear(); cfe2.clear(); cfo.clear(); cfe.clear(); c.clear(); d.clear();

}

But I guessed, its still not good enough, and wanted to work with pointer to mend copying..and the result was the next code piece, which compiles, but terminates when I run it..

void Wavelet::ttrans(matrix& At, int level) { matrix cfe1, cfe2, *cfo, *cfe, *c, *d;

PLEASE don't use ublas matrices as pointers! They are not made for this (no virtual destructors for performace reasons). If you want to avoid copying, allways use references. BTW: Theres a ublas mailing list - http://lists.boost.org/mailman/listinfo.cgi/ublas which is read by all ublas devs and power users. If someone knows how get the most performace out of your code, they do. And again, yu will get the most (useful) feedback if you provide a working examples which can be hacked. Best, -- Maik

Am Donnerstag 29 November 2007 20:05:20 schrieb Sohail Somani:

On Thu, 29 Nov 2007 19:54:35 +0100, Maik Beckmann wrote:

...

PLEASE don't use ublas matrices as pointers! They are not made for this (no virtual destructors for performace reasons). If you want to avoid copying, allways use references.

I hope you weren't suggesting to do this:

// probably won't even compile, and will // hurt you if it does. vector_slice<T> & s = subslice(...);

A slice is a lightweight object, copying doesn't hurt. No, the hint isn't related to slices and ranges. It's just: typedef boost::numeric::ublas::matrix<double> matrix_type; matrix_type At; // .... fill At ... matrix_type& cfo = mx; vs. matrix_type* cfo = &mx;

Am Donnerstag 29 November 2007 20:26:54 schrieb Sohail Somani:

On Thu, 29 Nov 2007 20:23:50 +0100, Maik Beckmann wrote:

...

...

I hope you weren't suggesting to do this:

// probably won't even compile, and will // hurt you if it does. vector_slice<T> & s = subslice(...);

A slice is a lightweight object, copying doesn't hurt.

The above wasn't a copy,

I know

I changed now the code to something runnable and have it also in matlab, u will see, its way slower in C++.

I probably shouldn't ask but did you verify the output was the same in both cases? "diff " would work if you could get the same formats and precisions. FWIW, a decent compiler could probably figure out that certain things have no observable effect and start yanking code that produces such results. Before you give up on C++, try coding a simple loop without the OO stuff and see what you get. In-place wavelet is nice intro and you can use the optimized result for "lifting" to more complicated wavelets.

From: nishak44@hotmail.com To: boost-users@lists.boost.org Date: Fri, 30 Nov 2007 17:05:55 +0000 Subject: Re: [Boost-users] C++ Performance

Hi guys

Thanks for all. I follow your advises, posted the code in the ublas, gonna read a C++ book and Im positive, its gonna be fine.

I changed now the code to something runnable and have it also in matlab, u will see, its way slower in C++.

So first C++:

#include #include "MVHF.h" #include #include #include #include #include

#define DNDEBUG #include

using namespace std;

void ttrans(matrix& At, int level) { matrix cfe1, cfe2, cfo, cfe, c, d; int N,s2;

N = (At.size1()+1)/2; s2 = At.size2(); zero_matrix zer(N,s2);

for (int ii = 1; ii <= level; ii++) {

cfo = subslice(At, 0,2,N, 0,1,s2); cfe = subslice(At, 1,2,N-1, 0,1,s2);

c = cfe + (subrange(cfo, 0,N-1, 0,s2)+subrange(cfo, 1,N, 0,s2))*0.5;

zer.resize(N,s2,true); cfe1 = zer; cfe2 = zer;

(subrange(cfe1, 0,N-1, 0,s2)).assign(cfe); (subrange(cfe2, 1,N, 0,s2)).assign(cfe); d = cfo-(cfe1+cfe2)*0.5;

(subrange(At, 0,N-1, 0,At.size2())).assign(c); (subrange(At, N-1,2*N-1, 0,At.size2())).assign(d);

N = N/2; }

}

void init(int dom,int llev) {

int in_dofs_LA= 511; matrix Am_LA, As_LA; double mesh_size = ((double)(dom)/(in_dofs_LA+1));

scalar_matrix zer(in_dofs_LA, in_dofs_LA,0.0); Am_LA.resize(in_dofs_LA, in_dofs_LA, false); As_LA.resize(in_dofs_LA, in_dofs_LA, false); Am_LA.assign(zer); As_LA.assign(zer);

Am_LA(0,0) = 4.0; Am_LA(1,0) = 1.0;

As_LA(0,0) = 2.0; As_LA(1,0) = -1.0;

for (int ii = 1; ii < (in_dofs_LA-1); ii++){ Am_LA(ii-1,ii) = 1.0; Am_LA(ii,ii) = 4.0; Am_LA(ii+1,ii) = 1.0;

As_LA(ii-1,ii) = -1.0; As_LA(ii,ii) = 2.0; As_LA(ii+1,ii) = -1.0; }

Am_LA(in_dofs_LA-2,in_dofs_LA-1) = 1.0; Am_LA(in_dofs_LA-1,in_dofs_LA-1) = 4.0;

As_LA(in_dofs_LA-2,in_dofs_LA-1) = -1.0; As_LA(in_dofs_LA-1,in_dofs_LA-1) = 2.0;

Am_LA = Am_LA*(mesh_size/6.0); As_LA = As_LA*(1.0/mesh_size);

ttrans(Am_LA,llev); Am_LA = trans(Am_LA); ttrans(Am_LA,llev); Am_LA = trans(Am_LA);

ttrans(As_LA,llev); As_LA = trans(As_LA); ttrans(As_LA,llev); As_LA = trans(As_LA);

}

int main() { clock_t start, end; start = clock();

init(1,8); end = clock();

std::cout << " " << std::endl; std::cout << "Elapsed time is " << (double)(end-start)/CLOCKS_PER_SEC << "." << std::endl; }

Here the matlab version of it:

function test() tic R = 1; L = 8; n = 2^(L+1)-1; h = R/(n+1);

e = ones(n,1); Am = h/6*spdiags([e, 4*e, e], -1:1, n, n);

% compute stiffness matrix As = 1/h*spdiags([-e, 2*e, -e], -1:1, n, n);

% transform into wavelets Am = ttrans(ttrans(Am,L)',L)'; As = ttrans(ttrans(As,L)',L)'; toc

return

function cd = ttrans(cl,L) N = size(cl,1)+1; N = N/2;

m = size(cl,2);

z = zeros(1,m); cd = cl; for i=1:L cfo = cd(1:2:2*N-1,:); cfe = cd(2:2:2*N-2,:);

% wavelets c = cfe + (cfo(1:end-1,:)+cfo(2:end,:))/2; d = cfo - ([cfe;z]+[z;cfe])/2;

cd(1:2*N-1,:) = [c;d]; N = N/2; end

return

But I really gotta say, this mailing list is great. I really appreciate all of your replies.

Thanks, Nisha K _________________________________________________________________ News, entertainment and everything you care about at Live.com. Get it now! http://www.live.com/getstarted.aspx _______________________________________________ Boost-users mailing list Boost-users@lists.boost.org http://lists.boost.org/mailman/listinfo.cgi/boost-users

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Hi, On 12/1/07, nisha kannookadan <nishak44@hotmail.com> wrote:

...

"diff " would work if you could get the same formats and precisions.

What is "diff" ?

From my understanding:

If you can write the results of your computation into a file, write the output from MATLAB and then from your C++ program. Make sure you have follow the same order in writing the data to a file (with same formatting like spaces/newlines...) Use a program like GNU diff/kdiff3/windiff on the two output files you have to find the differences between them. Ideally, you should not see any difference. If you do notice a difference, check if the difference is negligible (you have to decide the precision you are expecting). The idea behind this is: A drive to improve performance _must_ not degrade the correctness of the solution. -dky -- Contents reflect my personal views only!

...

Normally with numerical stuff, diff wouldn't be easy unless you knock down precision> but, even then you may often want to at least look at the noise. I think this wavelet> transform is invertible and and should be "exact" ( you can transform integers to> integers and invert if you do everything right). In this case, it may be easier to> write an inverse wavelet transform and output the numerical differences between > original and recovered sequences.> > More to the point, at least verify that the suspect code block is really guilty and> try to disassemble it.> > Also, as far as speed, look at something like FFTW ( you can find stuff on google).> They have lots of documentation and discussion posted in various places.> Or, the link I posted earlier to Intel site should help. Don't just count instructions> as memory access patterns can be a much bigger deal- think various shades or> virtual memory. > I will do that. Thanx.

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On Nov 30, 2007, at 12:05 PM, nisha kannookadan wrote:

I changed now the code to something runnable and have it also in matlab, u will see, its way slower in C++.

[snip]

#define DNDEBUG

As Justin told you earlier, the line above should be: #define NDEBUG to eliminate the overhead of bounds-checking, etc. On the compiler command-line, it is "-DNDEBUG", which is the concatenation of the "-D" option, meaning to define a preprocessor symbol, and "NDEBUG", the literal symbol. Regards, -Steve -- Steve Byan Steve.Byan@netapp.com

I hope you all not gonna kick me out, when u see this, but I have acctually no real clue about makefiles. The program is huge and Im getting lost to do the makefile, since I dont understand a few things about it..since the main file uses a class, which uses other classes and the other classes use again other or common classes. I got a lot of suggestions to add NDEBUD/DNDEBUD etc on the command line when compiling. As I said, I work with Eclipse and usually just press play. But I saw, that its possible to do something like a makefile there..and so I did that. I guess, I cant include NDEBUG etc without a makefile, right? And my makefile has only this line.. g++ -DNDEBUG *.cpp Its running. But not much faster. Is this totally wrong? And about the bindings.. I acctually need just to solve a linear system, with a triangle matrix: Hy = s, so is this fine just to do y = solve(subrange(H, 0,m, 0,m), subrange(s, 0, m),upper_tag()); or should I rather use the bindings. Then I use prod yet. So I do no crazy stuff, I guess the bindings arent necessary here. Am I right? Thanks a lot _________________________________________________________________ Invite your mail contacts to join your friends list with Windows Live Spaces. It's easy! http://spaces.live.com/spacesapi.aspx?wx_action=create&wx_url=/friends.aspx&mkt=en-us

Nisha, On Thursday 29 November 2007 06:05:12 nisha kannookadan wrote:

#define DNDEBUG

This line should be the following: #define NDEBUG In reality, it is better to handle this flag in the build system. I would suggest looking into CMake (http://cmake.org) for a build system. It makes generating build files much easier. Additionally, I believe that Makefiles generated by CMake automatically set NDEBUG for release builds. As with everything worth learning, you will need to invest some time in learning CMake. You will be rewarded if you do though. Justin